Entrada Final - Fin del Módulo

Primero que nada quiero agradecer a cada uno de ustedes por su atención, esfuerzo y comprensión en el curso, espero que les haya gustado la forma en que se impartieron las clases.

Finalmente les agradecería mucho que vayan comentando las entradas con su opinión (si se entienden o no), dudas y sugerencias.

- -

Muchas gracias.

Sesión 8 Ejercicio Final

Archivo ejercicio-final-modulo1-linshell.txt

***Parte 1***

1. Dar permisos de ejecucion al archivo desastretotal.sh

2. Ejecutar el script desastretotal.sh, con lo cual se crean un conjunto grande de carpetas, cada una con 30 archivos

3. Crear un script de nombre parte1.sh que realice lo siguiente:

a) Cambiar los permisos de todos los archivos de la siguiente manera:

Los que terminen en 1(ej 1,11,21) por los permisos 111
Los que terminen en  2 por los permisos 222
Los que terminen en  3 por los permisos 333
Los que terminen en  4 por los permisos 444
Los que terminen en  5 por los permisos 555
Los que terminen en  6 por los permisos 666
Los que terminen en  7 por los permisos 777
Los que terminen en  8 por los permisos u:rwx g:r o:r
Los que terminen en  9 por los permisos u:r g:r o:-
Los que terminen en  0 por los permisos u:rwx g:rwx o:rw

b) Borrar dentro de cada una de las carpetas el archivo llamado mevasaborrar

c) Renombrar los archivos de todas las carpetas de la siguiente manera:

archivo10 a diez
archivo20 a veinte
archivo30 a treinta




***Parte 2***
1. Crear el script de nombre parte2.sh que realice lo siguiente:

a. Crear la carpeta mod1_linuxshell dentro de la carpeta /home/usuario

b. Dentro de la carpeta mod1_linuxshell crear 3 carpetas: sXIX, sXX, sXXI, cada una con subcarpetas 00's 10's 20's 30's 40's 50's 60's 70's 80's 90's

c. En cada subcarpeta crear 10 archivos cada uno con el nombre correspondiente al año de esa decada, en cada siglo.
Cada uno de los archivo contiene el calendario correspondiente a ese año.
Ejemplos:

|-- /sXIX
|-- /00's
|--1800
|--1801
.
.
.
|--1809

|-- /sXX

.
.
.
|-- /40's
|--1940
|--1941
.
.
.
|--1949

d. Revertir el orden del archivo .bashrc, de modo que la primera linea sea la ultima, la segunda sea la penultima, y asi sucesivamente.
Guardar el contenido en el archivo .crhsab

Nota: Antes de que el script realice cada inciso, debera mostrar en pantalla un mensaje que notifique la instrucción que va a realizar




***Parte 3***

1. Crear un archivo comprimido llamado ej-final-linux-shell.zip que contiene los siguientes archivos:

a) El script parte1.sh

b) El script parte2.sh

c) El script desastretotal.sh

d) El archivo .crhsab

e) La carpeta Ejercicios que contiene los 8 ejercicios que se propusieron durante el modulo de linux shell.

f) El archivo de texto ejercicio-final-modulo-1-linshell.txt

g) El archivo de nombre realizador.txt el cual contiene tu nombre completo

h) El archivo opinion.txt el cual deberá contener opinión, quejas y/o sugerencias con respecto al curso impartido

##############################################################################

Archivo desastretotal.sh

#!/bin/bash

mkdir ~/carpetilla{1..10}

for((i=1 ; i<=10 ; i++))

do

cd ~/carpetilla$i

touch archivo{1..30} mevasaborrar

done

echo "Se acaban de crear 10 carpetas con 30 archivos cada uno, seguir las instrucciones para modificar los archivos"

Sesión 8 Compresión/Descompresión de archivos

Muchas veces, nos vamos a encontrar con la tarea de comprimir y/o descomprimir archivos. Entre las extensiones más importante tenemos: zip, rar, 7z, tar, gz, bz2.

A continuación se muestran los comandos, para comprimir, descomprimir y ver el contenido de un archivo comprimido de los tipos de compresiones más comúnes.

Tipo de compresión	Comprimir	Descomprimir	Ver contenido
tar	tar -cvf comprimido.tar file1 file2	tar -xvfz comprimido.tar	tar -tf comprimido.tar
gz	gzip -9 file1 file2	gzip -d comprimido.gz	-
bz2	bzip file1	bzip2 -d comprimido.bz2	-
zip	zip comprimido.zip file1 file2	unzip comprimido.zip	unzip -v comprimido.zip
rar	rar -a comprimido.rar file1 file2	rar -x comprimido.rar	rar -l comprimido.rar

Sesión 8 Variables locales y de entorno

Una variable es un valor almacenado e identificado con un nombre, las variables son útiles para almacenar datos que son ocupados muy a menudo.

Tenemos 2 tipos de variables, locales y de entorno:

• Variables locales: Son temporales, de inicio no están definidas

• Variables de entorno: Conjunto de variables ya definidas que generalmente son ocupadas en el sistema de manera frecuente.

Vamos a crear una variable local, llamada PASS

mi-usuario@maquina:~$ PASS=$(cat /etc/passwd)
mi-usuario@maquina:~$


Para ver el valor de una variable, utilizamos el comando echo de la siguiente manera



mi-usuario@maquina:~$ echo $PASS
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/bin/sh bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/bin/sh sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/bin/sh sync:x:4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/sync games:x:5:60:games:/usr/games:/bin/sh man:x:6:12:man:/var/cache/man:/bin/sh lp:x:7:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/bin/sh mail:x:8:8:mail:/var/mail:/bin/sh news:x:9:9:news:/var/spool/news:/bin/sh uucp:x:10:10:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/bin/sh proxy:x:13:13:proxy:/bin:/bin/sh www-data:x:33:33:www-data:/var/www:/bin/sh backup:x:34:

- - El resto de la salida se omite - -

Tenemos muchas variables de entorno, entre las principales tenemos: 

HOME

PS1

HISTFILESIZE

PATH

EDITOR

Para listar todas las variables de entorno definidas ejecutamos el comando env el cual nos devolverá la lista de las variables.

Sesión 8 Alias

Un alias es un atajo de un comando, generalmente el comando es muy largo y la intención de crear un alias es precisamente evitarnos teclear todo el comando.

Ejemplo:

Creamos un alias llamado li que abrevia el comando ls -lih

mi-usuario@maquina:~$ alias li='ls -lih'

mi-usuario@maquina:~$

Ahora ejecutamos el alias li

mi-usuario@maquina:~$ li

277573 -rw-r--r--  1 root    root       0 2011-09-09 19:32 song1.mp3
278502 -rw-r--r--  1 root    root       0 2011-09-09 19:32 song2.mp3
278586 -rw-r--r--  1 root    root       0 2011-09-09 19:32 song3.mp3

Ahora te puedes dar cuenta que un alias es muy funcional, sin embargo tiene una desventaja. Supongamos que creamos un alias llamado mkdir que abrevie el comando mkdir -p, y definido el alias queremos utilizar el comando mkdir sin que utilice la opción -p, para prevenir que se ejecute el alias mkdir (el que contiene la opción -p) simplemente antecedemos el comando con una diagonal invertida, de esta manera ejecutará el comando mkdir sin la opción -p.

mi-usuario@maquina:~$ \mkdir folder

Un detalle importante a mencionar es que, un alias es temporal, quiere decir que si definimos un alias y nos cambiamos de usuario o de terminal el alias no estará definido. Para hacer un alias permanente en nuestro usuario simplemente agregamos el comando que define nuestro alias al final del archivo .bashrc ubicado dentro de nuestra carpeta home, ej: agregar al final del .bashrc la línea alias d='date' 

Sesión 7 Ejercicio 8 Listas inglés-Español

Ejercicio  8:

 Junto con este archivo se le ha anexado una lista de verbos irregulares en ingles(archivo lista-desordenada), incluyendo su traducción en español, crear 2 archivos lista-es y lista-en.

1. El contenido del archivo lista-en deberá tener la lista de verbos únicamente en ingles, deberá esta ordenada alfabeticamente (de manera ascendete)sin repeticiones y en una sola columna.

2. El contenido del archivo lista-es deberá tener la lista de verbos únicamente en español, deberá estar ordenada alfabéticamente (de manera descendente), sin repeticiones y en una sola columna

Anotar en este archivo los pasos para realizar los pasos 1 y 2 y el número final de líneas de cada uno de los archivos.


***Archivo lista-desordenada***

Copiar el texto en letras color naranja y guardarlo con el nombre lista-desordenada



buy bought bought comprar
dream dreamt dreamt soñar
take took taken tomar / llevar
let let let dejar / permitir
teach taught taught enseñar
throw threw thrown tirar
sleep slept slept dormir
beat beat beaten vencer / batir
draw drew drawn dibujar
mean meant meant significar / querer decir
shine shone shone brillar
make made made hacer / fabricar
win won won ganar
say said said decir
grow grew grown crecer
freeze froze frozen congelar
sink  sank sunk hundir
build built built construir
blow blew blown soplar
run ran run correr
swim swam swum nadar
begin began begun empezar
pay paid paid pagar
forget forgot forgotten olvidar
find found found encontrar
sew sewed sewn coser
feed fed fed alimentar
bend bent bent doblar
understand understood understood entender
speak spoke spoken hablar
lay laid laid poner
burn burnt burnt quemar
hear heard heard oír
upset upset upset volcar / trastornar
hurt hurt hurt dañar
tell told told decir
catch caught caught agarrar
put put put poner
know knew known saber / conocer
give gave given dar
ride rode ridden montar
ring rang rung llamar / sonar
keep kept kept guardar
go went gone ir
hide hid hidden esconder
send sent sent enviar / mandar
forgive  forgave forgiven perdonar
hit hit hit golpear
set set set colocar / establecer
leave left left salir / dejar
feel felt felt sentir(se)
fall fell fallen caer(se)
have had had tener / haber / tomar
bite bit bitten morder
fly flew flown volar
lie lay lain tumbarse
come came come venir
spend spent spent gastar / pasar el tiempo
wake woke woken despertarse
stand stood stood estar de pie / levantarse
show showed shown mostrar
bring brought brought traer
do did done hacer
sell sold sold vender
sing sang sung cantar
shake shook shaken batir / temblar
drive drove driven conducir
drink drank drunk beber
shoot shot shot disparar
smell smelt smelt oler
read read read leer
slide slid slid resbalar
light lit lit encender
cost cost cost costar
wear wore worn llevar puesto
lend lent lent prestar
fight fought fought luchar
hold held held sostener
think thought thought pensar
hang hung hung colgar
break broke broken romper
eat ate eaten comer
steal stole stolen robar
become became become llegar a ser
choose chose chosen elegir
lose lost lost perder
rise rose risen subir
learn learnt learnt aprender
meet met met conocer
spell spelt spelt deletrear
write wrote written escribir
bet bet bet apostar / jugar
dig dug dug excavar
get got got conseguir / volverse
cut cut cut cortar
see saw seen ver
tear tore torn rasgar
sit sat sat sentar(se)
shut shut shut cerrar
drive drove driven conducir
give gave given dar
think thought thought pensar
bend bent bent doblar
steal stole stolen robar
say said said decir
sing sang sung cantar
fall fell fallen caer(se)
feel felt felt sentir(se)
break broke broken romper
wear wore worn llevar puesto
hold held held sostener
leave left left salir / dejar
take took taken tomar / llevar
swim swam swum nadar
cost cost cost costar
meet met met conocer
ride rode ridden montar
let let let dejar / permitir
cut cut cut cortar
sleep slept slept dormir
sell sold sold vender
tear tore torn rasgar
sit sat sat sentar(se)
lay laid laid poner
tell told told decir
lie lay lain tumbarse
sew sewed sewn coser
win won won ganar
feed fed fed alimentar
hurt hurt hurt dañar
burn burnt burnt quemar
eat ate eaten comer
forgive  forgave forgiven perdonar
beat beat beaten vencer / batir
see saw seen ver
stand stood stood estar de pie / levantarse
spell spelt spelt deletrear
choose chose chosen elegir
wake woke woken despertarse
mean meant meant significar / querer decir
speak spoke spoken hablar
hide hid hidden esconder
know knew known saber / conocer
read read read leer
hang hung hung colgar
catch caught caught agarrar
fly flew flown volar
dream dreamt dreamt soñar
fight fought fought luchar
blow blew blown soplar
ring rang rung llamar / sonar
throw threw thrown tirar
show showed shown mostrar
drink drank drunk beber
light lit lit encender
understand understood understood entender
rise rose risen subir
learn learnt learnt aprender
hear heard heard oír
bet bet bet apostar / jugar
have had had tener / haber / tomar
lend lent lent prestar
teach taught taught enseñar
smell smelt smelt oler
sink  sank sunk hundir
build built built construir
become became become llegar a ser
freeze froze frozen congelar
run ran run correr
do did done hacer
upset upset upset volcar / trastornar
keep kept kept guardar
grow grew grown crecer
find found found encontrar
shine shone shone brillar
set set set colocar / establecer
forget forgot forgotten olvidar
shoot shot shot disparar
bring brought brought traer
draw drew drawn dibujar
make made made hacer / fabricar
dig dug dug excavar
come came come venir
shake shook shaken batir / temblar
slide slid slid resbalar
bite bit bitten morder
pay paid paid pagar
begin began begun empezar
lose lost lost perder
send sent sent enviar / mandar
write wrote written escribir
shut shut shut cerrar
get got got conseguir / volverse
buy bought bought comprar
spend spent spent gastar / pasar el tiempo
go went gone ir
put put put poner
hit hit hit golpear
fly flew flown volar
have had had tener / haber / tomar
let let let dejar / permitir
lend lent lent prestar
speak spoke spoken hablar
draw drew drawn dibujar
shake shook shaken batir / temblar
cut cut cut cortar
cost cost cost costar
forget forgot forgotten olvidar
stand stood stood estar de pie / levantarse
think thought thought pensar
rise rose risen subir
bet bet bet apostar / jugar
hit hit hit golpear
upset upset upset volcar / trastornar
blow blew blown soplar
meet met met conocer
sink  sank sunk hundir
choose chose chosen elegir
sing sang sung cantar
catch caught caught agarrar
grow grew grown crecer
lay laid laid poner
win won won ganar
slide slid slid resbalar
learn learnt learnt aprender
give gave given dar
come came come venir
feed fed fed alimentar
hold held held sostener
begin began begun empezar
hang hung hung colgar
hurt hurt hurt dañar
find found found encontrar
eat ate eaten comer
freeze froze frozen congelar
drink drank drunk beber
sit sat sat sentar(se)
build built built construir
become became become llegar a ser
take took taken tomar / llevar
sell sold sold vender
keep kept kept guardar
get got got conseguir / volverse
tell told told decir
set set set colocar / establecer
show showed shown mostrar
read read read leer
fight fought fought luchar
do did done hacer
burn burnt burnt quemar
teach taught taught enseñar
dig dug dug excavar
ride rode ridden montar
fall fell fallen caer(se)
understand understood understood entender
smell smelt smelt oler
mean meant meant significar / querer decir
dream dreamt dreamt soñar
know knew known saber / conocer
wear wore worn llevar puesto
make made made hacer / fabricar
throw threw thrown tirar
ring rang rung llamar / sonar
bring brought brought traer
bend bent bent doblar
hide hid hidden esconder
sleep slept slept dormir
lose lost lost perder
see saw seen ver
drive drove driven conducir
sew sewed sewn coser
write wrote written escribir
shut shut shut cerrar
break broke broken romper
beat beat beaten vencer / batir
feel felt felt sentir(se)
light lit lit encender
swim swam swum nadar
spell spelt spelt deletrear
go went gone ir
say said said decir
forgive  forgave forgiven perdonar
bite bit bitten morder
shoot shot shot disparar
steal stole stolen robar
run ran run correr
pay paid paid pagar
spend spent spent gastar / pasar el tiempo
tear tore torn rasgar
put put put poner
send sent sent enviar / mandar
lie lay lain tumbarse
leave left left salir / dejar
shine shone shone brillar
wake woke woken despertarse
buy bought bought comprar
hear heard heard oír
run ran run correr
let let let dejar / permitir
cost cost cost costar
sleep slept slept dormir
build built built construir
find found found encontrar
say said said decir
blow blew blown soplar
throw threw thrown tirar
have had had tener / haber / tomar
make made made hacer / fabricar
shake shook shaken batir / temblar
bet bet bet apostar / jugar
sink  sank sunk hundir
hang hung hung colgar
know knew known saber / conocer
dig dug dug excavar
forgive  forgave forgiven perdonar
bend bent bent doblar
lend lent lent prestar
smell smelt smelt oler
shoot shot shot disparar
hit hit hit golpear
eat ate eaten comer
put put put poner
buy bought bought comprar
forget forgot forgotten olvidar
bite bit bitten morder
hurt hurt hurt dañar
beat beat beaten vencer / batir
sell sold sold vender
do did done hacer
speak spoke spoken hablar
choose chose chosen elegir
rise rose risen subir
slide slid slid resbalar
break broke broken romper
meet met met conocer
read read read leer
shut shut shut cerrar
see saw seen ver
drink drank drunk beber
send sent sent enviar / mandar
draw drew drawn dibujar
steal stole stolen robar
ring rang rung llamar / sonar
cut cut cut cortar
hear heard heard oír
give gave given dar
spend spent spent gastar / pasar el tiempo
think thought thought pensar
dream dreamt dreamt soñar
stand stood stood estar de pie / levantarse
teach taught taught enseñar
swim swam swum nadar
fall fell fallen caer(se)
sit sat sat sentar(se)
catch caught caught agarrar
tear tore torn rasgar
take took taken tomar / llevar
set set set colocar / establecer
burn burnt burnt quemar
begin began begun empezar
ride rode ridden montar
come came come venir
lie lay lain tumbarse
lay laid laid poner
fight fought fought luchar
wear wore worn llevar puesto
get got got conseguir / volverse
bring brought brought traer
fly flew flown volar
mean meant meant significar / querer decir
grow grew grown crecer
write wrote written escribir
keep kept kept guardar
feed fed fed alimentar
light lit lit encender
spell spelt spelt deletrear
win won won ganar
lose lost lost perder
wake woke woken despertarse
sew sewed sewn coser
learn learnt learnt aprender
understand understood understood entender
hide hid hidden esconder
leave left left salir / dejar
sing sang sung cantar
go went gone ir
tell told told decir
upset upset upset volcar / trastornar
hold held held sostener
drive drove driven conducir
become became become llegar a ser
feel felt felt sentir(se)
pay paid paid pagar
shine shone shone brillar
freeze froze frozen congelar
show showed shown mostrar
lay laid laid poner
build built built construir
spend spent spent gastar / pasar el tiempo
lend lent lent prestar
freeze froze frozen congelar
sink  sank sunk hundir
feed fed fed alimentar
eat ate eaten comer
sit sat sat sentar(se)
catch caught caught agarrar
do did done hacer
win won won ganar
keep kept kept guardar
hear heard heard oír
blow blew blown soplar
wake woke woken despertarse
let let let dejar / permitir
forget forgot forgotten olvidar
tell told told decir
run ran run correr
grow grew grown crecer
slide slid slid resbalar
sew sewed sewn coser
choose chose chosen elegir
dream dreamt dreamt soñar
upset upset upset volcar / trastornar
put put put poner
hit hit hit golpear
sleep slept slept dormir
beat beat beaten vencer / batir
fall fell fallen caer(se)
burn burnt burnt quemar
break broke broken romper
shoot shot shot disparar
stand stood stood estar de pie / levantarse
write wrote written escribir
shut shut shut cerrar
bet bet bet apostar / jugar
bend bent bent doblar
buy bought bought comprar
swim swam swum nadar
have had had tener / haber / tomar
become became become llegar a ser
sell sold sold vender
pay paid paid pagar
sing sang sung cantar
fly flew flown volar
find found found encontrar
show showed shown mostrar
hang hung hung colgar
send sent sent enviar / mandar
shake shook shaken batir / temblar
shine shone shone brillar
steal stole stolen robar
go went gone ir
cut cut cut cortar
drive drove driven conducir
ride rode ridden montar
learn learnt learnt aprender
hold held held sostener
hide hid hidden esconder
make made made hacer / fabricar
throw threw thrown tirar
meet met met conocer
wear wore worn llevar puesto
mean meant meant significar / querer decir
speak spoke spoken hablar
forgive  forgave forgiven perdonar
read read read leer
get got got conseguir / volverse
teach taught taught enseñar
hurt hurt hurt dañar
feel felt felt sentir(se)
bring brought brought traer
say said said decir
light lit lit encender
lie lay lain tumbarse
understand understood understood entender
see saw seen ver
bite bit bitten morder
fight fought fought luchar
take took taken tomar / llevar
smell smelt smelt oler
set set set colocar / establecer
draw drew drawn dibujar
rise rose risen subir
dig dug dug excavar
spell spelt spelt deletrear
come came come venir
begin began begun empezar
tear tore torn rasgar
know knew known saber / conocer
lose lost lost perder
cost cost cost costar
think thought thought pensar
give gave given dar
ring rang rung llamar / sonar
drink drank drunk beber
leave left left salir / dejar
meet met met conocer
think thought thought pensar
win won won ganar
wear wore worn llevar puesto
run ran run correr
shine shone shone brillar
have had had tener / haber / tomar
sell sold sold vender
hit hit hit golpear
eat ate eaten comer
steal stole stolen robar
set set set colocar / establecer
ride rode ridden montar
shoot shot shot disparar
begin began begun empezar
come came come venir
do did done hacer
get got got conseguir / volverse
forgive  forgave forgiven perdonar
upset upset upset volcar / trastornar
light lit lit encender
understand understood understood entender
throw threw thrown tirar
mean meant meant significar / querer decir
hold held held sostener
hurt hurt hurt dañar
wake woke woken despertarse
cut cut cut cortar
see saw seen ver
stand stood stood estar de pie / levantarse
spend spent spent gastar / pasar el tiempo
beat beat beaten vencer / batir
find found found encontrar
go went gone ir
bet bet bet apostar / jugar
choose chose chosen elegir
sit sat sat sentar(se)
forget forgot forgotten olvidar
know knew known saber / conocer
draw drew drawn dibujar
shake shook shaken batir / temblar
shut shut shut cerrar
make made made hacer / fabricar
take took taken tomar / llevar
grow grew grown crecer
become became become llegar a ser
hang hung hung colgar
swim swam swum nadar
buy bought bought comprar
teach taught taught enseñar
speak spoke spoken hablar
dig dug dug excavar
write wrote written escribir
put put put poner
bring brought brought traer
pay paid paid pagar
read read read leer
blow blew blown soplar
catch caught caught agarrar
lay laid laid poner
drink drank drunk beber
spell spelt spelt deletrear
ring rang rung llamar / sonar
fly flew flown volar
lie lay lain tumbarse
learn learnt learnt aprender
break broke broken romper
burn burnt burnt quemar
bite bit bitten morder
send sent sent enviar / mandar
bend bent bent doblar
sleep slept slept dormir
drive drove driven conducir
feed fed fed alimentar
give gave given dar
show showed shown mostrar
lend lent lent prestar
leave left left salir / dejar
hear heard heard oír
smell smelt smelt oler
sing sang sung cantar
tear tore torn rasgar
sew sewed sewn coser
fall fell fallen caer(se)
hide hid hidden esconder
rise rose risen subir
build built built construir
freeze froze frozen congelar
sink  sank sunk hundir
tell told told decir
cost cost cost costar
fight fought fought luchar
dream dreamt dreamt soñar
keep kept kept guardar
feel felt felt sentir(se)
slide slid slid resbalar
let let let dejar / permitir
lose lost lost perder
say said said decir
hang hung hung colgar
slide slid slid resbalar
burn burnt burnt quemar
say said said decir
leave left left salir / dejar
break broke broken romper
hurt hurt hurt dañar
cut cut cut cortar
find found found encontrar
spend spent spent gastar / pasar el tiempo
lay laid laid poner
stand stood stood estar de pie / levantarse
hold held held sostener
ride rode ridden montar
feel felt felt sentir(se)
shake shook shaken batir / temblar
keep kept kept guardar
drive drove driven conducir
forget forgot forgotten olvidar
upset upset upset volcar / trastornar
spell spelt spelt deletrear
learn learnt learnt aprender
run ran run correr
buy bought bought comprar
hit hit hit golpear
rise rose risen subir
lie lay lain tumbarse
bend bent bent doblar
give gave given dar
ring rang rung llamar / sonar
fight fought fought luchar
become became become llegar a ser
see saw seen ver
go went gone ir
take took taken tomar / llevar
feed fed fed alimentar
shine shone shone brillar
come came come venir
read read read leer
begin began begun empezar
forgive  forgave forgiven perdonar
mean meant meant significar / querer decir
sell sold sold vender
put put put poner
hear heard heard oír
dream dreamt dreamt soñar
beat beat beaten vencer / batir
grow grew grown crecer
get got got conseguir / volverse
understand understood understood entender
sew sewed sewn coser
win won won ganar
build built built construir
think thought thought pensar
shoot shot shot disparar
throw threw thrown tirar
eat ate eaten comer
hide hid hidden esconder
cost cost cost costar
fly flew flown volar
dig dug dug excavar
drink drank drunk beber
freeze froze frozen congelar
light lit lit encender
lose lost lost perder
know knew known saber / conocer
bring brought brought traer
teach taught taught enseñar
show showed shown mostrar
wear wore worn llevar puesto
wake woke woken despertarse
write wrote written escribir
fall fell fallen caer(se)
sink  sank sunk hundir
bet bet bet apostar / jugar
sit sat sat sentar(se)
steal stole stolen robar
draw drew drawn dibujar
swim swam swum nadar
sing sang sung cantar
catch caught caught agarrar
do did done hacer
smell smelt smelt oler
make made made hacer / fabricar
speak spoke spoken hablar
pay paid paid pagar
blow blew blown soplar
bite bit bitten morder
let let let dejar / permitir
shut shut shut cerrar
send sent sent enviar / mandar
sleep slept slept dormir
lend lent lent prestar
have had had tener / haber / tomar
tell told told decir
choose chose chosen elegir
meet met met conocer
tear tore torn rasgar
set set set colocar / establecer
wear wore worn llevar puesto
dream dreamt dreamt soñar
sing sang sung cantar
hear heard heard oír
ride rode ridden montar
hurt hurt hurt dañar
run ran run correr
burn burnt burnt quemar
wake woke woken despertarse
win won won ganar
sink  sank sunk hundir
beat beat beaten vencer / batir
slide slid slid resbalar
know knew known saber / conocer
blow blew blown soplar
ring rang rung llamar / sonar
bet bet bet apostar / jugar
draw drew drawn dibujar
steal stole stolen robar
keep kept kept guardar
smell smelt smelt oler
feel felt felt sentir(se)
sit sat sat sentar(se)
catch caught caught agarrar
drink drank drunk beber
build built built construir
tell told told decir
learn learnt learnt aprender
give gave given dar
begin began begun empezar
dig dug dug excavar
sew sewed sewn coser
show showed shown mostrar
go went gone ir
fly flew flown volar
choose chose chosen elegir
let let let dejar / permitir
write wrote written escribir
read read read leer
say said said decir
shoot shot shot disparar
swim swam swum nadar
drive drove driven conducir
pay paid paid pagar
understand understood understood entender
have had had tener / haber / tomar
break broke broken romper
throw threw thrown tirar
stand stood stood estar de pie / levantarse
bend bent bent doblar
cut cut cut cortar
sell sold sold vender
teach taught taught enseñar
bring brought brought traer
do did done hacer
cost cost cost costar
hold held held sostener
become became become llegar a ser
fall fell fallen caer(se)
shut shut shut cerrar
forgive  forgave forgiven perdonar
feed fed fed alimentar
upset upset upset volcar / trastornar
put put put poner
leave left left salir / dejar
think thought thought pensar
freeze froze frozen congelar
see saw seen ver
spell spelt spelt deletrear
fight fought fought luchar
grow grew grown crecer
hide hid hidden esconder
lend lent lent prestar
buy bought bought comprar
lay laid laid poner
lose lost lost perder
set set set colocar / establecer
meet met met conocer
take took taken tomar / llevar
rise rose risen subir
bite bit bitten morder
find found found encontrar
eat ate eaten comer
send sent sent enviar / mandar
make made made hacer / fabricar
spend spent spent gastar / pasar el tiempo
light lit lit encender
shake shook shaken batir / temblar
lie lay lain tumbarse
speak spoke spoken hablar
mean meant meant significar / querer decir
sleep slept slept dormir
hit hit hit golpear
hang hung hung colgar
come came come venir
shine shone shone brillar
forget forgot forgotten olvidar
tear tore torn rasgar
get got got conseguir / volverse
sell sold sold vender
feel felt felt sentir(se)
leave left left salir / dejar
sit sat sat sentar(se)
smell smelt smelt oler
let let let dejar / permitir
understand understood understood entender
set set set colocar / establecer
bring brought brought traer
begin began begun empezar
think thought thought pensar
have had had tener / haber / tomar
choose chose chosen elegir
speak spoke spoken hablar
ride rode ridden montar
lend lent lent prestar
hang hung hung colgar
know knew known saber / conocer
take took taken tomar / llevar
burn burnt burnt quemar
wake woke woken despertarse
keep kept kept guardar
pay paid paid pagar
cost cost cost costar
give gave given dar
send sent sent enviar / mandar
shine shone shone brillar
hit hit hit golpear
meet met met conocer
sew sewed sewn coser
eat ate eaten comer
tear tore torn rasgar
bend bent bent doblar
read read read leer
put put put poner
freeze froze frozen congelar
run ran run correr
bite bit bitten morder
sing sang sung cantar
forgive  forgave forgiven perdonar
tell told told decir
hold held held sostener
win won won ganar
catch caught caught agarrar
build built built construir
upset upset upset volcar / trastornar
sink  sank sunk hundir
stand stood stood estar de pie / levantarse
spell spelt spelt deletrear
dream dreamt dreamt soñar
grow grew grown crecer
drive drove driven conducir
shoot shot shot disparar
come came come venir
hear heard heard oír
show showed shown mostrar
get got got conseguir / volverse
lose lost lost perder
fall fell fallen caer(se)
shake shook shaken batir / temblar
say said said decir
learn learnt learnt aprender
beat beat beaten vencer / batir
fly flew flown volar
dig dug dug excavar
blow blew blown soplar
feed fed fed alimentar
draw drew drawn dibujar
make made made hacer / fabricar
hide hid hidden esconder
see saw seen ver
lay laid laid poner
lie lay lain tumbarse
wear wore worn llevar puesto
bet bet bet apostar / jugar
go went gone ir
hurt hurt hurt dañar
drink drank drunk beber
mean meant meant significar / querer decir
forget forgot forgotten olvidar
slide slid slid resbalar
find found found encontrar
teach taught taught enseñar
swim swam swum nadar
ring rang rung llamar / sonar
light lit lit encender
do did done hacer
steal stole stolen robar
cut cut cut cortar
throw threw thrown tirar
write wrote written escribir
rise rose risen subir
shut shut shut cerrar
become became become llegar a ser
buy bought bought comprar
sleep slept slept dormir
break broke broken romper
spend spent spent gastar / pasar el tiempo
fight fought fought luchar
meet met met conocer
dig dug dug excavar
have had had tener / haber / tomar
begin began begun empezar
shine shone shone brillar
see saw seen ver
slide slid slid resbalar
put put put poner
eat ate eaten comer
upset upset upset volcar / trastornar
shake shook shaken batir / temblar
sleep slept slept dormir
make made made hacer / fabricar
fight fought fought luchar
run ran run correr
sit sat sat sentar(se)
bring brought brought traer
hear heard heard oír
drive drove driven conducir
get got got conseguir / volverse
mean meant meant significar / querer decir
bend bent bent doblar
break broke broken romper
show showed shown mostrar
beat beat beaten vencer / batir
let let let dejar / permitir
hurt hurt hurt dañar
keep kept kept guardar
understand understood understood entender
sink  sank sunk hundir
blow blew blown soplar
forget forgot forgotten olvidar
tear tore torn rasgar
choose chose chosen elegir
rise rose risen subir
do did done hacer
steal stole stolen robar
buy bought bought comprar
tell told told decir
say said said decir
sell sold sold vender
hide hid hidden esconder
feed fed fed alimentar
ride rode ridden montar
fall fell fallen caer(se)
spell spelt spelt deletrear
throw threw thrown tirar
cost cost cost costar
light lit lit encender
hit hit hit golpear
lend lent lent prestar
swim swam swum nadar
learn learnt learnt aprender
build built built construir
speak spoke spoken hablar
forgive  forgave forgiven perdonar
know knew known saber / conocer
hang hung hung colgar
lay laid laid poner
stand stood stood estar de pie / levantarse
dream dreamt dreamt soñar
come came come venir
burn burnt burnt quemar
give gave given dar
go went gone ir
sing sang sung cantar
fly flew flown volar
freeze froze frozen congelar
grow grew grown crecer
hold held held sostener
cut cut cut cortar
leave left left salir / dejar
lie lay lain tumbarse
spend spent spent gastar / pasar el tiempo
pay paid paid pagar
sew sewed sewn coser
feel felt felt sentir(se)
catch caught caught agarrar
read read read leer
wake woke woken despertarse
wear wore worn llevar puesto
shut shut shut cerrar
win won won ganar
ring rang rung llamar / sonar
write wrote written escribir
teach taught taught enseñar
draw drew drawn dibujar
think thought thought pensar
shoot shot shot disparar
send sent sent enviar / mandar
bite bit bitten morder
become became become llegar a ser
take took taken tomar / llevar
set set set colocar / establecer
find found found encontrar
bet bet bet apostar / jugar
lose lost lost perder
drink drank drunk beber
smell smelt smelt oler